Assessment of early harvest in the prevention of aflatoxins in peanuts during drought stress conditions.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of early harvest in preventing aflatoxins in peanuts under drought-stress conditions. A field experiment was conducted on the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons in a greenhouse with an irrigation system to induce three drought stress conditions: no stress, mild, and severe stress. In addition, three harvest dates were proposed: two weeks earlier, one week earlier, and ideal harvest time. The mean peanut yield was 2634 kg/ha, considering the two growing seasons, and the drought stress conditions and harvest dates did not influence significantly. The shelling percentage was significantly higher in samples harvested at ideal harvest (77.7 %) than two weeks earlier (76.2 %) and was not influenced by drought stress conditions. Although a low mean percentage of grains with insect damage was identified, this percentage was statistically higher under severe stress (0.4 %) compared to no-stress conditions (0.2 %). The soil contamination ranged from 2.52 × 103 to 1.64 × 104 CFU/g of Aspergillus section Flavi, and the drought stress resulted in significantly higher concentrations in mild and severe stressed samples. A. section Flavi was found to infect all the peanut kernel samples. The drought stress resulted in higher percentages of A. section Flavi infections in samples from mild and severe stress conditions. The harvest date did not influence the soil and peanut kernel occurrence of A. section Flavi. A total of 435 and 796 strains of A. section Flavi were isolated from soil and peanut kernels, respectively. The potential of aflatoxin production by soil isolates was 31, 44, and 25 % for aflatoxin non-producers, aflatoxin B producers, and aflatoxin B and G producers, respectively, while in peanut kernel isolates were 44, 44, and 12 %. Three different A. section Flavi species were identified from peanut kernels: A. flavus, A. parasiticus, and A. pseudocaelatus. The mean aflatoxin concentration in peanut kernels was 42, 316, and 695.5 µg/kg in samples under no stress, mild stress, and severe stress conditions, respectively. Considering the harvest time, the mean aflatoxin concentration was 9.9, 334.3, and 614.2 µg/kg in samples harvested two weeks earlier, one week earlier, and in ideal harvest, respectively. In conclusion, the early harvest proved to be a viable, cost-free alternative for controlling aflatoxin in the peanut pre-harvest, resulting in a safer product and a better quality for sale and economic gain.

Effectiveness of a Uniquely Designed Oral Appliance on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Control: A Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnea is an inflammatory, chronic, and evolutive disease often needing adequate treatment and follow-up. The oral appliance (OA) is an accepted alternative therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) control. Due to greater adherence, OA with mandibular advancement (OAm) is being recommended treatment for patients who refuse or do not tolerate continuous positive airway pressure. The mode of action of OAm is to promote the advancement of the mandible or tongue with a subsequent increase in the tone of the pharyngeal muscles and the permeability of the upper airway, but most OAm use conventional models as reference, analogic, or digital, dissociating dental arches of the skull structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective longitudinal study of 33 OSA patient treated with a different OAm, that use Camper plane as reference with skull structures for dental arches disocclusion, where polysomnographic, cephalometric measures, and subjective data from questionnaires pre- and post-treatment were assessed and correlated. Descriptive analysis, correlated Chi-square tests, and basic statistics were used. Generalized linear mixed model for repeated measure and post hoc Tukey-Kramer test compares the variables pre- and post-treatment. Shapiro-Wilk test and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used. All statistical tests were set in 5% level of significance. RESULTS: Regarding polysomnography data, there was a significant association between apnea hypopnea index (AHI) with oxygen saturation, arousal index (AI) and the maximum heartbeats, and sleep improvement and health risk reduction. Additionally, from cephalometric data, it was found a significant association between the tongue posture with the soft palate, hioyd-C3 and, lower and posterior airway. When both parameters are correlated, there are a significant dependent association with hyoid bone position with AHI and AI. The limitation of this study was the two-dimensional image used without provide volumetric measurements, but this limitation was reduced with the follow-up polysomnography parameters. CONCLUSION: In this pilot study, DIORS OAm as an uniquely designed device using Camper plane as a reference for disocclusion was effective in the control of OSA.

Correction: Trans,trans-farnesol, an antimicrobial natural compound, improves glass ionomer cement properties.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220718.].

A singular oral appliance to treat obstructive sleep apnea in CPAP non-adherent patients.

INTRODUCTION: The most prescribed treatment option for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is CPAP; however, its adherence is limited. Oral Appliance therapy (OAT) is frequently an option or even an adjuvant, being the mandibular advancement Oral Appliance (OAm) the most used prescription. It modifies the upper airway, improving the airway patency. OAm construction is based on the occlusal plane to disocclusion. In this study, the DIORS® appliance was used, a singular OAm, based on Neuro-Occlusal Rehabilitation concepts, that uses Camper's plane as a disocclusion reference, in order to achieve neuromuscular balance and functional stability. OBJECTIVE: This study primarily aimed to assess the DIORS® effectiveness in relation to clinical and polysomnographic outcomes. It was also evaluated if the use of DIORS® is as effective as titrated CPAP to treat CPAP non-adherent patients. METHODS: Twenty patients were included in this study. Objective and subjective clinical data were assessed at a sleep laboratory using all-night polysomnography, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), taken at three moments: Baseline, CPAP titration, and using DIORS®. Analysis of respiratory parameters as apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), oxyhemoglobin saturation levels, the arousal index and daytime sleepiness were taken as criteria for a successful OAT. RESULTS: Respiratory and arousal parameters improved in both therapies, while DIORS® promoted a better ESS. CONCLUSION: Results from the present work support that DIORS® is a viable and effective adjuvant therapy for patients with moderate to severe OSA non-adherent to CPAP.

A singular oral appliance to treat obstructive sleep apnea in CPAP non-adherent patients

ABSTRACT Introduction: The most prescribed treatment option for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is CPAP; however, its adherence is limited. Oral Appliance therapy (OAT) is frequently an option or even an adjuvant, being the mandibular advancement Oral Appliance (OAm) the most used prescription. It modifies the upper airway, improving the airway patency. OAm construction is based on the occlusal plane to disocclusion. In this study, the DIORS® appliance was used, a singular OAm, based on Neuro-Occlusal Rehabilitation concepts, that uses Camper's plane as a disocclusion reference, in order to achieve neuromuscular balance and functional stability. Objective: This study primarily aimed to assess the DIORS® effectiveness in relation to clinical and polysomnographic outcomes. It was also evaluated if the use of DIORS® is as effective as titrated CPAP to treat CPAP non-adherent patients. Methods: Twenty patients were included in this study. Objective and subjective clinical data were assessed at a sleep laboratory using all-night polysomnography, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), taken at three moments: Baseline, CPAP titration, and using DIORS®. Analysis of respiratory parameters as apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), oxyhemoglobin saturation levels, the arousal index and daytime sleepiness were taken as criteria for a successful OAT. Results: Respiratory and arousal parameters improved in both therapies, while DIORS® promoted a better ESS. Conclusion: Results from the present work support that DIORS® is a viable and effective adjuvant therapy for patients with moderate to severe OSA non-adherent to CPAP.

RESUMO Introdução: A opção mais indicada para tratamento da apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) é o CPAP; contudo, a aderência é limitada. A Terapia com Aparelho Oral (TAO) é, frequentemente, uma opção, ou mesmo um adjuvante. A prescrição mais utilizada é o Aparelho Oral de avanço mandibular (AOm). O AOm modifica a via aérea superior, melhorando a patência do espaço aéreo. A construção do AOm se baseia no plano de oclusão para desoclusão. No presente estudo, usamos o DIORS®, um AOm diferente, baseado nos conceitos da Reabilitação Neuro-Oclusal (RNO), que utiliza o Plano de Camper como referência da desoclusão para alcançar o equilíbrio neuromuscular e estabilidade funcional. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal abordar a eficácia do DIORS®, considerando-se os resultados clínicos e polissonográficos. Adicionalmente, foi avaliado, também, se o uso desse AOm é tão eficaz quanto a titulação do CPAP para tratar pacientes com AOS não aderentes ao CPAP. Métodos: Vinte pacientes foram incluídos neste estudo. Dados clínicos objetivos e subjetivos foram avaliados em um laboratório de sono usando polissonografia de noite inteira e a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (ESE) observando-se três momentos: inicial, titulação do CPAP e usando o DIORS®. Os critérios de sucesso da TAO foram assumidos pela análise dos parâmetros respiratórios como Índice de Apneia e Hipopneia (IAH) e níveis de saturação de oxi-hemoglobina, o índice de despertar e a sonolência diurna. Resultados: Em ambas as terapias, os parâmetros respiratórios e de despertares melhoraram. Adicionalmente, uma melhora na ESE foi alcançada com o DIORS®. Conclusão: Os resultados do presente trabalho apoiam que o DIORS® é uma terapia adjuvante viável e bastante eficaz para pacientes com AOS moderada a grave não aderentes ao CPAP.

Effect of different exposure times on caries detection and pixel value in a wireless digital system.

OBJECTIVES: : The aim of this study was to assess, using the CDR Wireless®, the effect of different exposure times on caries detection and pixel intensity values. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty teeth were x-rayed using a Schick CDR Wireless sensor at eight different exposure times - 0.06, 0.10, 0.13, 0.16, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, and 0.32 s. Four observers evaluated the images for presence of carious lesions scoring proximal surfaces of each tooth on a 5-point scale. Scores were compared to histological sections of the teeth. Accuracy was evaluated by means of ROC curve analysis. Radiographs of an aluminum step wedge were obtained using the same eight exposure times. Pixel intensity measurements were obtained, and mean pixel values were statistically analyzed using linear regression. RESULTS: The Az for each exposure time varied from 0.53 to 0.62. Two-way analysis of variance and Tukey test demonstrated that the exposure time of 0.25 s presented the best result and was significantly higher than 0.30 s and 0.35 s. In regard to mean pixel values, two different behaviors were observed, and the exposure time of 0.20 s presented mean pixel values in both phases. CONCLUSION: The performance of the exposure times from 0.06 s to 0.25 s was satisfactory for proximal caries detection, and 0.25 s is the best as indicated for this finality. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Considering that a reduction of exposure time represents a reduction of patient exposure dose, and this reduction cannot neglect image quality, the behavior of any digital system must be carefully evaluated.

Trans,trans-farnesol, an antimicrobial natural compound, improves glass ionomer cement properties.

A series of experiments were conducted to characterize a novel restorative material. We explored the effect on biological, physical and chemical properties of glass ionomer cement (GIC) adding-the naturally occurring tt-farnesol (900 mM). Two groups were accomplished for all assays: GIC+tt-farnesol and GIC (control). Biological assays: 1) agar diffusion against some cariogenic bacteria; 2) S. mutans biofilm formation and confocal laser scanning microscopy-CLSM. 3) gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, gbpB, vicR, and covR expression; 4) MTT and microscopic morphology. Physical properties assays: 1) roughness; 2) hardness; 3) compressive strength and 4) diametral tensile strength. Chemical assay: Raman spectroscopy. The adding of tt-farnesol to GIC led to larger zones of inhibition (p<0.05), biofilms with a short-term reduction in bacterial viability but similar biomass (p>0.05). Polysaccharides levels increased over time, similarly over groups (p>0.05). Viable and non-viable S. mutans were seen on the specimens' surface by CLSM but their virulence was not modulated by tt-farnesol. The tt-farnesol increased the HaCaT cell viability without impact on compressive and diametral tensile strength and roughness although the hardness was positively affected (p<0.05). Raman confirmed the presence of tt-farnesol. The incorporation of tt-farnesol into GIC inhibited the growth of cariogenic bacteria but had a little effect on the composition, structure and physiology of the biofilm matrices. Also, the tt-farnesol increased the hardness and the biocompatibility of the GIC, not influencing negatively other physical properties of the restorative material.

Radiographic patterns of multiple myeloma in the jawbones of patients treated with intravenous bisphosphonates.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether intravenous (IV) bisphosphonate (BP) therapy can change the radiographic patterns of multiple myeloma (MM) in the jawbones. METHODS: The authors evaluated panoramic radiographs obtained from 188 patients with MM for the presence of solitary osteolytic lesions, multiple osteolytic lesions, diffuse osteoporosis, diffuse sclerosis, lamina dura abnormalities, nonhealing alveolar sockets, and bone sequestration. The authors compared results obtained from patients treated with IV BPs with those obtained from patients who had never been exposed to BPs. RESULTS: Multiple osteolytic lesions (P = .001), diffuse osteoporosis (P = .001), and diffuse sclerosis (P = .0036) occurred more often in the mandible in both groups. Solitary osteolytic lesions occurred less frequently in the BP group (P = .0078). Lamina dura abnormalities (P = .0006) and nonhealing alveolar sockets (P = .0021) were associated with BP treatment. CONCLUSIONS: IV BP therapy changes the radiographic patterns of MM in the jawbones. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The effect of BPs in the maxillofacial area is a matter of concern for health practitioners because this type of medication causes several alterations of the jawbones in patients with cancer.

Panoramic and skull imaging may aid in the identification of multiple myeloma lesions

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of punched-out lesions in craniofacial bones using three different radiographic protocols in a large cohort of patients. Material and Methods: One hundred fifty-five MM patients were evaluated using panoramic and skull (frontal and lateral) radiographs, which were performed in all patients at the time of MM diagnosis. The diagnostic potential for detecting punched-out lesions was compared among the radiographic techniques. Results: MM punched-out lesions were identified in 135 (87%) panoramic radiographs, 141 (91%) frontal and 144 (93%) lateral skull radiographs. Punched out-lesions were synchronously present in skull and jawbones in 129 (83.23 %) cases. The lesions were detected exclusively in skull in 18 (11.61%) cases and exclusively in jawbones in 6 (3.87%) cases. Punched out-lesion mainly affected the skull and the jawbones in a synchronous way (p<0.001) rather than separately Conclusions: All investigated radiographic techniques (panoramic, frontal and lateral skull approaches) demonstrated high detection rates for MM punched-out lesions in craniofacial bones. Panoramic radiography may aid to the radiographic protocols to identify multiple myeloma bone lesions (AU)

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Fertilization using sewage sludge in unfertile tropical soils increased wood production in Eucalyptus plantations.

Fertilization of Eucalyptus plantations using sewage sludge on unfertile tropical soils represents an alternative to using mineral N and P fertilizers. A 44-month field experiment was conducted to study the effects of increasing application of sludge, and its interactions with mineral N and P fertilizers, on wood volume. Four rates of sludge (0, 8, 15 and 23 Mg ha-1, dry base), N (0, 47, 95 and 142 kg ha-1) and P (0, 28, 56 and 84 kg ha-1 of P2O5) were combined in a 4 × 4 × 4 factorial scheme in a totally randomized block design. Response surface and age-shift modeling was used to establish an initial recommendation for mineral fertilization of the Eucalyptus plantations treated with sludge and to analyze the implications of increased growth on the duration of the forest cycle in a tropical climate. The results showed that from 8 to 44 months after planting, the sludge application (with or without N and P) yielded a statistically larger wood volume (P < 0.05), compared to application of N and P fertilizers only. The response surface modeling showed the following outcomes: i) application of sludge based on N criterion reduced the need for N and P fertilizers by 100%; and ii) an increase in wood volume by 7% could be achieved, compared to NPK fertilizers only, if 2/3 of the recommended P was applied. The cultivation time to produce 150 m3 ha-1 of wood volume was 45 months for the control and was reduced by two, three, four, or five months, respectively, through application of recommended P, sludge dose, sludge plus one third of P, and sludge plus two thirds of P. On the whole, sewage sludge could represent an excellent unconventional N and P fertilizer source for wood production on unfertile tropical soils.

Effectiveness in the Removal of Endotoxins and Microbiological Profile in Primary Endodontic Infections Using 3 Different Instrumentation Systems: A Randomized Clinical Study.

INTRODUCTION: This clinical study was conducted to correlate the microbiological profile and levels of endotoxins found in primary endodontic infection with the presence of clinical features and to evaluate the removal of microorganisms and endotoxins using rotary, reciprocating, and hybrid systems for biomechanical preparation. METHODS: Thirty single root canals with primary endodontic infection were evaluated with signs and symptoms and were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the instrumentation system used (n = 10) as follows: rotary Mtwo instruments (VDW, Munich, Germany) with 8 files, the reciprocating Reciproc system (VDW) with a single file, and Genius hybrid instruments with 3 files (1 rotary and 2 reciprocating files) with irrigation using 24 mL 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Samples were collected before (S1) and after instrumentation (S2) before being submitted to microbiological culture (colony-forming units/mL) and the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization test. Endotoxins were quantified using the limulus amebocyte lysate assay. RESULTS: Microbiological culture showed statistical differences in the reduction of colony-forming units/mL with all systems tested (P < .05), but no statistical difference was found among the groups. The most frequently detected species were Capnocytophaga ochracea (53%) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (53%) at S1 and F. nucleatum (50%) and Leptotrichia buccalis (50%) at S2. As for the reduction of endotoxins at S2, Mtwo presented the best results (95.05%) followed by the Genius (91.85%) and Reciproc (64.68%) groups, but no statistical difference was found among the groups. Previous pain, tenderness to percussion, and presence of a sinus tract were associated with specific microorganisms (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Signs and symptoms were correlated with microorganisms. Endodontic treatment was effective in reducing bacteria and endotoxins but was not capable of completely removing them from the root canal.

Mandibular sexual dimorphism analysis in CBCT scans.

The aim of this study was to evaluate sexual dimorphism using anthropometric measurements on mandibular images obtained by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The sample consisted of 160 CT scans collected from a Brazilian population (74 males, 86 females) aged 18-60 years. The CBCT images were analyzed by five reviewers. Six measurements (ramus length, gonion-gnathion length, minimum ramus breadth, gonial angle, bicondylar breadth, and bigonial breadth) were collected for the sexual prediction analysis. For the statistical analysis, intraclass correlation was used to evaluate intra- and inter-reviewers, analysis of variance was used to compare the mean values of these measurements, binary logistic regression equations were created to predict sex. Using these four variables, the rate of correct sex classification was 95.1%. After, the discriminant function was used to validate the formula built. Accuracy of 93.33% and 94.74% was found for estimating male and females, respectively. Thus, the formula developed in this study can be used for sex estimation in forensic settings.

Could Acupuncture Be Useful in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Dysfunction?

In this study, the effects of acupuncture in comparison with flat occlusal plane appliance were evaluated in patient with myogenic temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). The sample consisted of 40 women with TMD and unbalanced energy predominance of Yang Liver Ascension, selected using the Renying and Cunkou pulses, randomly divided into two groups: acupuncture and splint. The effect of treatments on the masseter and anterior temporal muscles was evaluated after 4 weeks of treatment, by means of electromyographic activity (root mean square) and pain pressure threshold. Pain intensity was measured using the visual analog scale, and range of mouth opening was evaluated using a millimeter ruler. All evaluations were performed at the beginning and end of the treatment. Visual analog scale score was reduced equally in the two groups (p < 0001), and the increase in range of mouth opening was significant in both groups. A significant difference was detected only in pain pressure threshold of the left masseter in the acupuncture group (p < 0.05). Only root mean square in the at rest position of the right temporal muscle diminished in the final stage of the splint group (p < 0.05). Both treatments reduced the pain intensity of myogenic TMD in the short term and may be considered strategies for control of chronic pain related to TMD.

Prevalence of pain at the head, face and neck and its association with quality of life in general population of Piracicaba city, Sao Paulo: an epidemiological study / Prevalência de dor no segmento cefálico e sua associação com qualidade de vida na população geral do município de Piracicaba, São Paulo: um estudo epidemiológico

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Head, face and neck pain affects a large portion of the world population, however there are few studies reporting this condition in general Brazilian population. This study aimed at investigating the prevalence of head, face and neck pain and its impact on the quality of life of adults of Piracicaba city, São Paulo. METHODS: The sample was made up of 400 volunteers of both genders, aged between 20 and 50 years, who were randomly approached in six crossing points of the city. Socio-demographic, pain prevalence, location, frequency, duration and severity, and self-perception of quality of life data were collected by means of anonymous self-applied questionnaires: Orofacial Pain Questionnaire and WHOQOL-BREF. RESULTS: Pain prevalence was 54.75%, of predominantly severe intensity (21.30%), daily recurrence (41.10%) and present for more than six months (91.32%). Most affected region was the head (36%) being the intraoral region the less frequently reported (6%). There has been no significant association between pain and factors such as age, economic level and education (p>0.05); however there has been significant prevalence among females. No pain was frequently associated to better quality of life (p<0.05). Volunteers reporting pain were more unhappy with quality of sleep (p<0.05), however there has been no significant association with the frequency of negative feelings. CONCLUSION: The study has identified high prevalence of head, face and neck pain, significant morbidity of people affected by this condition and its negative impact on quality of life. .

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As dores que acometem o segmento cefálico afetam grande parte da população mundial, porém são poucos os trabalhos que retratam essa condição na população geral do Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a prevalência de dor no segmento cefálico e seu impacto sobre a qualidade de vida de adultos do município de Piracicaba, São Paulo. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 400 voluntários de ambos os gêneros, com idade entre 20 e 50 anos que foram aleatoriamente abordados em seis pontos de passagem do município. A coleta de dados sócio-demográficos, prevalência, localização, frequência, duração, gravidade da dor e autopercepção da qualidade de vida foi realizada por meio de questionários anônimos autoaplicados, o Questionário de Dor Orofacial e o WHOQOL-BREF. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de dor foi de 54,75%, de intensidade predominantemente intensa (21,30%), recorrência diária (41,10%) e presente há mais de seis meses (91,32%). A região mais acometida foi a cabeça (36%) sendo a região intraoral menos frequentemente apontada (6%). Não se observou associação significativa entre a presença de dor e fatores como idade, nível econômico e escolaridade (p>0,05), porém houve significativa prevalência de dor entre as mulheres. A ausência de dor foi frequentemente associada à melhor qualidade de vida (p<0,05). Voluntários que relataram dor apresentaram maior insatisfação com a qualidade do sono (p<0,05), porém não foi observada associação significativa com a frequência de sentimentos negativos. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo identificou alta prevalência de dor no segmento cefálico, significante morbidade das pessoas acometidas por essa condição e seu impacto negativo sobre a qualidade de vida. .

Facial pain associated with fibromyalgia can be marked by abnormal neuromuscular control: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) development in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is not yet fully understood, but altered neuromuscular control in FMS may play a role in triggering TMD. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to verify the association between neuromuscular control and chronic facial pain in groups of patients with FMS and TMD. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted. METHODS: This study involved an analysis of facial pain and electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles in patients with FMS (n=27) and TMD (n=28). All participants were evaluated according to Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders and surface electromyography (SEMG). Myoelectric signal calculations were performed using the root mean square and median frequency of signals. RESULTS: The data revealed premature interruption of masticatory muscle contraction in both patient groups, but a significant correlation also was found between higher median frequency values and increased facial pain. This correlation probably was related to FMS because it was not found in patients with TMD only. Facial pain and increased SEMG activity during mandibular rest also were positively correlated. LIMITATIONS: Temporal conclusions cannot be drawn from the study. Also, the study lacked a comparison group of patients with FMS without TMD as well as a control group of individuals who were healthy. CONCLUSIONS: Altered neuromuscular control in masticatory muscles may be correlated with perceived facial pain in patients with FMS.

Qualidade de vida em sujeitos respiradores orais e oronasais / Life quality for mouth and oronasal breathing subjects

OBJETIVO: investigar a qualidade de vida de sujeitos com respiração oral ou oronasal. MÉTODO: compuseram a amostra 49 voluntários, distribuídos em dois grupos: grupo de respiradores orais com 24 sujeitos e grupo de respiradores oronasais com 25 sujeitos, com faixa etária ente 18 e 38 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos. O protocolo utilizado foi o WHOQOL-BREF (versão em português) e o registro e análise dos dados foi realizado pelo sistema Statistical Analysis System. RESULTADOS: os resultados obtidos foram submetidos aos testes de qui-quadrado de Mantel-Haenszele análise de variância. A qualidade de vida dos respiradores mistos se revelou inferior nos domínios ambiental, físico e psicológico em relação aos respiradores orais. CONCLUSÃO: com a detecção das diferenças obtidas, o estudo chama a atenção para a necessidade de aprofundar investigações sobre o perfil dos respiradores oronasais e sua relevância. Para que condutas como desconsiderar o grupo de respiradores oronasais ou agrupá-los como respiradores orais não sejam adotadas de forma inadequada.

PURPOSE: to investigate the life quality of subjects with mouth or oronasal breathing. METHOD: the sampling was composed of 49 volunteers distributed into 2 groups: mouth breathing subjects’ group with 24 subjects and oronasal breathing subjects’ group (mouth and nose) with 25 subjects, within the 18-38 age group, both genders. The WHOQOL-BREF (Portuguese version) protocol was used and the data analysis and recording were carried out using the Statistical Analysis System. RESULTS: the obtained results underwent Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test and variance analysis. Life quality in oronasal breathing subjects was demonstrated to be better in environmental, physical and psychological domain in relation to mouth breathing subjects. CONCLUSION: considering the obtained differences, the study draws attention to the need for better investigating the profile of oronasal breathing subjects and its relevance, so that the conducts, such as disregarding the group of oronasal breathing subjects or gathering them as mouth breathing subjects, are not improperly adopted.

Atividade exacerbada do músculo bucinador em sujeitos com má oclusão de Angle Classe III / Exacerbated activity of the buccinator muscle in subjects Angle Class III malocclusion

Introdução: Estudos descrevem a função do músculo bucinador como controlador do bolo alimentar durante a mastigação. Pouco se sabe, entretanto, sobre seu comportamento em sujeitos com distintos padrões dentário e esquelético, o que contribuiria para o desenvolvimento dos tratamentos ortodônticos e ortognático. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a atividade eletromiográfica do músculo bucinador, em sujeitos Classe III de Angle, durante a mastigação. Material e Método: A amostra foi constituída por 32 sujeitos saudáveis, sem Disfunção Temporomandibular durante a mastigação, sendo 16 sujeitos Classe I e 16 sujeitos Classe III. Para garantir a fidedignidade da captação do sinal, foram utilizados eletrodos diferenciais, além de testes de função, correlação e normalização dos dados. Na medida em que os dados revelaram uma distribuição não normal (teste de Shapiro-Wilk), realizou-se teste da mediana, sendo estabelecido o nível de significância em 5%. Resultado: Na comparação dos dados normalizados da variável Root Means Square (RMS) (µV), do período ativo, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (Classe I: 0,469 ± 0,355; Classe III: 0,531 ± 0,355 - p: 0,4812). Entretanto, em relação às variáveis RMS (µV) do período inativo (Classe I: 0,359 ± 0,355; Classe III: 0,641 ± 0,355 - p: 0,0016), duração do período ativo (ON) (Classe I: 0,313 ± 0,180; Classe III: 0,687 ± 0,180 - p: 0,0368) e razão entre o RMS do período inativo e RMS do período ativo (RIA) (Classe I: 0,391 ± 0,355; Classe III: 0,609 ± 0.355 - p: 0,0137), foram observadas diferenças significativas. Conclusão: A partir dos dados obtidos, pôde-se constatar uma atividade exacerbada do músculo bucinador nos sujeitos Classe III de Angle.

Introduction: Studies describe the role of the buccinators muscle as controlling the bolus during mastication. Little is known, however, about its behavior in subjects with different dental and skeletal standards, which would contribute to the development of orthodontic and orthognathic treatments. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the electromyographic activity of the buccinator muscle, in subjects Class III Angle, during mastication. Material and Method: The sample was composed by 32 healthy subjects, without Temporomandibular Disfunction, during mastication, being 16 Class I and 16 Class III. In order to guarantee the reliability of the caption of the signal, differential electrode were used, as well as function tests, correlation and normalization of data. As the data revealed a non-normal distribution (Shapiro-Wilk test), the median test was carried out, establishing then the level of significance in 5%. Result: In the comparison of the normalized data of the variable Root Means Square (RMS) (µV), from the active period, no significant differences were found (Classe I: 0,469 ± 0,355; Classe III: 0,531 ± 0,355 - p: 0,4812). Nonetheless, in comparison to the variables RMS (µV) from the inactive period (Classe I: 0,359 ± 0,355; Classe III: 0,641 ± 0,355 - p; 0,0016), duration of the active period (ON) (Classe I: 0,313 ± 0,180; Classe III: 0,687 ± 0,180 - p: 0,0368) and the result between the RMS of the inactive period and the RMS of the active period (RIA) Classe I: 0,391 ± 0,355; Classe III: 0,609 ± 0.355 - p: 0,0137) significant differences were found. Conclusion: Based in the results of the data analysis, we could to comprove the existence of exacerbated activity of the buccinator muscle in Angle's Class III subjects.

Análise da distância intercanina em relação ao fenótipo cor da pele e sua aplicação na identificação e interpretação de marcas de mordida / Analysis of intercanine distance with reference to skin color phenotype and its application to the identification and interpretation of bite marks

Introdução- Dentre as várias funções do Odontolegista, está a identificação e interpretação de marcas de mordidas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a distância intercanina com relação ao fenótipo cor da pele, além de avaliar o nível de acerto e segurança da metodologia utilizada. Materiais e métodos - A população eleita foi composta por 600 indivíduos adultos, sendo 200 leucodermas, 200 faiodermas e 200 melanodermas. Estas medidas foram realizadas em modelos de gesso, com auxílio de um paquímetro digitalde precisão, tendo como referência as pontas das cúspides dos caninos. Resultados - Os resultados demonstraram que os indivíduos leucodermas apresentaram média inferior aos faiodermas e aos melanodermas e, por meio da análise discriminante, foram demonstradastaxas de erros de 72,67% para indivíduos faiodermas, 46% para leucodermas e 57,33% para melanodermas, com porcentagem total de erros de 58,67%. A regressão logística demonstrou um índice de associação entre probabilidade estimada e resposta observada de aproximadamente 5%. A metodologia utilizada apresentou um índice de confiabilidade de 99,87%. Conclusões - Assim, concluiu-se que a discriminação do fenótipo cor da pele a partir da distância intercanina não é um procedimento confiável e que o métodode aferição da distância intercanina aqui apresentado é simples, de baixo custo e eficaz.

Introduction - Among various functions of Forensic Dentist are the identification and interpretation of human bite marks. The aim of this study was to analyze the intercanine distance in the relation to skin color phenotype.In addition, the studies aimed at assess the level of reliability and validity of the research methodology used. Material and methods - The eligible sample comprised 600 adults, 200 leucoderma individuals, 200 faiodermas e 200 melanodermas. These measurements were performed on dental casts and accurately measured with a caliper, using as the reference the tips of the cusps of the canines. Results - The results showed that the leucoderma individuals presented a lower measurement on average than the faioderma and melanoderma individuals, and by discriminant analysis, error rates of 72.67% for faioderma, 46% for leucoderma and 57.33% for melanoderma individuals were demonstrated, with a total percentage error of 58.67%. Logistic regression demonstrated an index of association between estimated probability and observed response of approximately 5%. The methodology presented a reliabilityrate of 99.87%. Conclusion - Thus, we concluded that the discrimination of skin color phenotype considering intercanine distance is not a reliable procedure, and that the method of measuring intercanine presented here is simple, inexpensive and effective.

Associação entre a idade e a distância intercaninos de humanos obtida por meio de marcas de mordida / The association between age and distance of intercanines obtainedthrough human bite marks

Introdução: Dentre as várias funções do Odontolegista, estão a identificação e a interpretação de marcas de mordidas. Objetivo: Avaliar a distância intercaninos evidente em marcas de mordida, com relação à idade, além de avaliar o nível de acerto e segurança da metodologia utilizada. Material e método: A amostra eleita foi composta por 600 indivíduos adultos, distribuídos em três faixas de idade: 20 a 35 anos; 35 a 40 anos, e 40 a 69 anos. As medidas foram realizadas em modelos de gesso, com auxílio de um paquímetro digital de precisão, tendo como referência as pontas das cúspides dos caninos. A predição da idade foi realizada por meio de um modelo de regressão linear múltipla, iniciando-se pela análise de variância do modelo de regressão. Resultado: Verificou-se que o modelo de predição da idade não foi significativo (p = 0,4240), ou seja, muito pouco da variação da idade esteve associada às variações das distâncias intercaninos. A metodologia utilizada apresentou um índice de confiabilidade de 99,87%. Conclusão: De acordo com o modelo empregado, não foi encontrado valor significativo para predição de idade a partir da distância intercaninos. A taxa de erro foi sempre menor na faixa etária de Introduction: Among the several functions of the Odontologist is the identification and interpretation of bite marks. Objective: To evaluate the intercanine distance evident in bite marks, regarding the age, beyond evaluate the level of reliability and security of the methodology utilized. Material and method: The chosen sample comprised 600 adult individuals, distributed in three age groups: 20 to 35; 35 to 40 and 40 to 69 years. These measurements were carried out using plaster models, with the aid of digital precision callipers, having as reference the tips of the cusps of the canines. The prediction of the age was carried out by means of a model of multiple lineal regression, initiating itself by the analysis of the variance of the model of regression. Result: It was verified that the model of the age prediction was not significant (p = 0.4240) not much of the variation of the age was associated to the variations of the intercanine distances . The methodology utilized presented an index of reliability of 99.87%. Conclusion: Accordingly the model used did not find a significant value for prediction of age from the intercanine distance. The rate of error was always less in the age group of 35-40 years of age. A correlation index base occurred between the answer and the probabilities. The index of reliability of the trial for obtaining the facts was 99.87%.

Risk assessment of inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle by multidetector computed tomography in extractions of third molars.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the reliability of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in determining the surgical risk of the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle in extractions of third molars. METHODS: The sample comprised thirty-three individuals (63 third molars) who underwent preoperative evaluation by MDCT before extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. MDCT was used to determine the relationship between the roots of the third molars and the mandibular canal, and the course of the mandibular canal. Inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) exposure and the presence of hemorrhage were analyzed after removal of the teeth. IAN neurosensory deficit was recorded after 7 days. Clinical and MDCT findings were compared using Fisher's exact test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: There was a statistically significant association between IAN exposure and the tomographic relationship between the roots of third molars and the mandibular canal (P = 0.015). Conventionally, all cases of IAN neurosensory deficit and hemorrhage occurred when the roots of the third molar presented in an at-risk relationship with the mandibular canal, however, this association was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). A statistically significant association was found between the lingual course of the mandibular canal and IAN exposure (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: MDCT is an effective tool for determination of the surgical risk to the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle in extraction of mandibular third molars.